33. Trojan horse bacteria use nanobodies to conquer sleeping sickness

Sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a parsite disease,caused by the trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei, is transmitted to humans and animals via the bite of the tsetse fly. In the New research they use a bacteria, which naturally lives in the fly, to release nanobodies (antibody fragments) against the trypanosome. These antibodies, which bind to the surface of the parasite,they are the first stage in producing targeted nanobodies which could kill, or block, trypanosome development.

32. Lactating tsetse flies models for lactating mammals?

In an study of tsetse fly reveals that an enzyme found in the fly's milk functions similar to mammals, making potential model for lipid metabolism during mammalian lactation. Reduced levels of this enzyme led to poor health in offspring.

31. Bacterium transforms into weapon against sleeping sickness

Sleeping sickness parasite is transmitted between humans by tsetse flies. 

30. HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN YOU ARE ALONE??

HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN YOU ARE ALONE ?

Many people are alone when they suffer from heart attack, that time they are helpless,those person have only about 10 seconds to loose consciousness.

These victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very vigorously. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and prolonged, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest.

A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without let-up until help arrives, or until the heart is felt to be beating normally again.

Deep breaths give oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating. The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a hospital.

If you share this post to Atleast 5 people, then i think we'll save at least one life.

Waring: Do not depend on Social Networking sites like Facebook, Whats app posts on emergency situations, consult with your doctor before practicing in real life.

29. new way for gene-controlling DNA sequences to evolve

Researchers discover a new way for gene-controlling DNA sequences to evolve

Max Nanao, a staff scientist in Andrew McCarthy’s group at EMBL Grenoble, and colleagues in Francois Parcy’s lab at the CNRS in France studied a transcription factor called LEAFY. Algae, mosses and land plants have different versions of LEAFY, which control different genes. The scientists found that a group of plants called hornworts have a version of LEAFY that can control all three of those target genes. This multitasking LEAFY provides a stepping-stone on the evolutionary path from an ancient, algal-like LEAFY to the current plant and moss forms.

28. French Bacteriologist Receives Balzan Prize

According to Dr. Cossart’s research projects, in which they investigate on infection by Intracellular bacteria, and focused primarily on Listeria  monocytogenes.

According to Dr. Cossart, the goal of her research is to make clear bacterial and host cell factors which is essential for the establishment and persistence of infection and also to define the mechanisms in which they are involved.

Dr. Cossart had received the prize for infectious diseases on the basis of basic and clinical aspects, "For her seminal discoveries on the molecular biology of pathogenic bacteria and their interaction with host cells. Her research has provided very significant insights into the mechanisms underlying infectious diseases and how to reduce their bad effects.

27. HIV Researchers Seek a Potential Cure & said they are closer to cure HIV

HIV Researchers Seek a Potential Cure

According to OyaGen, one of its investigational HIV drugs is an activator of the editing enzyme known as A3G, which can reportedly block HIV infection by genetically damaging the virus. 

HIV researcher has reached on the point where a cure may be possible.This research boosted in June when a group of researchers at the NIH(National institute of health) find how HIV attacks immune cells. Scientists saw that the DNA breaks when HIV integrates its genes into cellular DNA activate DNA-protein kinase, triggering CD4+ T-cell death. This suggests that treatment of individuals with drugs block viral replication not only prevent viral replication but also improve immune system function.

Sangamo BioSciences is using another idea to improve immune system with providing functional cure. “HIV kills the CD4+ T cells such that the immune system seems never to regain control except if there is a delta 32 mutation in the CCR5 gene (which encodes the major co-receptor for HIV entry into CD4+ cells),” 

According to, Dr. Wolffe “If the mutation is in both CCR5 genes, people can be exposed but not infected. If the mutation is in only one of the CCR5 genes, progression slows, giving rise to long-term non - progressors.” The reason, she says, is that the R5-tropic strain (which is the most common strain at the early stages of infection) needs both CCR5 and CD4 to infect the cells.

Sangamo’s zinc finger protein (ZFP) technology, when attached to a nuclease or DNA-cutting enzyme, creates a new “designer” molecule ZFN that enables specific genes to be knocked out or have their expression interrupted. In repairing the break caused by the cutting enzyme, the cells often insert an error that makes the genes nonfunctional.

Sangamo is evaluating ZFP technology in two Phase II studies. Sangamo takes T cells from an HIV-infected individual treated with ART, treats the cells to disrupt the CCR5 gene, and about a month later, infuses the cells (SB-728-T) back into the patient, providing a population of T cells that is resistant to HIV and that also can mount an immune response against HIV and other opportunistic infections.

Timothy Henrich announced in December that two of his research team's seen in patient that the HIV virus return. Both patients are 'currently in good health' and back on Antiretroviral drugs.

26. Stem cell 'breakthrough data inappropriately handled'

In a stem cell study in Japan has discovered "inappreciable handling" of the data.

They Reported that dip cells in acid then they convert them into stem cells quick and at low cost.

Questions were arises when the report has not found any evidence of research and the research group have failed to reproduced the results.

The original study, published in the journal Nature, became a huge story globally and was described as "Remarkable" and a "Major Scientific Discovery".

23. How Mild Bacteria Become Flesh Eaters

Scientists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem’s Faculty of Medicine found, Streptococcus pyogenes, turns virulent and causes necrotizing fasciitis, which is flesh-eating disease. S. pyogenes, which is also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), reportedly is responsible for 500,000 deaths worldwide. 

The research group, which reported their study on “An Extracellular Bacterial Pathogen Modulates Host Metabolism to Regulate Its Own Sensing and Proliferation” in Cell, shows a novel mechanism that influences GAS virulence at the early steps of the infection. They observe that when GAS adheres and infects the host’s cells, it delivers two streptolysin toxins into host cells. These toxins interfere with the body for protein synthesis. This triggers off a defensive stress response, which increase the production rate of asparagine (ASN).

“Asparaginase, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, arrests GAS growth in human blood and blocks GAS proliferation in a mouse model of human bacteremia. This results is making mark in  a pathogenic pathway and propose a therapeutic strategy against GAS infections.”

The discovery can lead to development of new and more effective treatments against infectious diseases.

22. ANDROID SECRET CODES

ANDROID SECRET CODES:

Must Share

For IMEI Number: *#06#

For RAM Memory Version: *#*#3264#*#*

For FTA SW Version: *#*#1111#*#*

For FTA HW Version: *#*#2222#*#*

For Touch Screen Version: *#*#2663#*#*

View Phone Lock Status: *#7465625#

Executes Emergency Dial Screen to unlock PUK Code: **05**#

Enables Voice Dialing Logging Mode: *#*#8351#*#*

Disables Voice Dialing Logging Mode: *#*#8350#*#*

Change behavior of Power button: *#*#7594#*#*

To test Vibration and Back-light of device: *#*#0842#*#*

To test Proximity/Distance Sensor: *#*#0588#*#*

To test Touchscreen: *#*#2663#*#*

For Audio Test: *#*#0289#*#* or *#*#0673#*#*

To launch Service Mode: *#*#197328640#*#*

Hidden Service Menu (Motorola Droid): ##7764726

Field Test: *#*#7262626#*#*

To format the phone: *2767*3855#

To start GTalk Monitoring: *#*#8255#*#*

To get PDA, Phone, H/W and RF Call Date: *#*#4986*2650468#*#*

Displays Build Time and Change List number: *#*#44336#*#*

Packet Loopback Test: *#*#0283#*#*

LCD Display Test: *#*#0*#*#*

Enter Service Menu (on New Phones): *#0*#

Diagnostic Configuration: *#9090#

USB Logging Control: *#872564#

System Dump Mode: *#9900#

To test Bluetooth: *#*#232331#*#*

To display Bluetooth Physic Address: #*#232337#*#

To test secret GPS: *#*#1472365#*#*

To test other GPS: *#*#1575#*#*

To test WiFi/Wireless LAN of phone: *#*#232339#*#* or *#*#528#*#* or *#*#526#*#*

To display Wi-Fi MAC Address: *#*#232338#*#*

To Restore Factory Settings: *#*#7780#*#*

To create Immediate backup of your multimedia files: *#*#273282*255*663282*#*#*

To display Phone Information: *#*#4636#*#*

To get detailed Camera Information: *#*#34971539#*#*

For Software and Hardware Information: *#12580*369#

To display HSDPA/HSUPA Control Menu: *#301279#

21. What is IP ???

What is an IP address?

Every device connected to the public Internet is assigned a unique number known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. IP addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods (also called a 'dotted-quad') and look something like 127.0.0.1.

Since these numbers are usually assigned to internet service providers within region-based blocks, an IP address can often be used to identify the region or country from which a computer is connecting to the Internet. An IP address can sometimes be used to show the user's general location.

Because the numbers may be tedious to deal with, an IP address may also be assigned to a Host name, which is sometimes easier to remember. Hostnames may be looked up to find IP addresses, and vice-versa. At one time ISPs issued one IP address to each user. These are called static IP addresses. Because there is a limited number of IP addresses and with increased usage of the internet ISPs now issue IP addresses in a dynamic fashion out of a pool of IP addresses (Using DHCP). These are referred to as dynamic IP addresses. This also limits the ability of the user to host websites, mail servers, ftp servers, etc. In addition to users connecting to the internet, with virtual hosting, a single machine can act like multiple machines (with multiple domain names and IP addresses).

20. Change UR IP

How To Change Your IP address :-

1. Click on "Start" in the bottom left hand corner of screen

2. Click on "Run"

3. Type in "cmd" and hit ok You should now be at an MSDOS      prompt screen.

4. Type "ipconfig /release" just like that, and hit "enter"

5. Type "exit" and leave the prompt

6. Right-click on "Network Places" or "My Network Places" on    your desktop.

7. Click on "properties" You should now be on a screen with something titled "Local Area Connection", or something close to that, and, if you have a network hooked up, all of your other networks.

8. Right click on "Local Area Connection" and click "properties"

9. Double-click on the "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" from the list    under the "General" tab

10. Click on "Use the following IP address" under the "General" tab

11. Create an IP address (It doesn't matter what it is. I just type 1       and 2 until i fill the area up).

12. Press "Tab" and it should automatically fill in the "Subnet  Mask" section with default numbers.

13. Hit the "Ok" button here

14. Hit the "Ok" button again You should now be back to the  "Local Area Connection" screen.

15. Right-click back on "Local Area Connection" and go to properties again.

16. Go back to the "TCP/IP" settings

17. This time, select "Obtain an IP address automatically"

18. Hit "Ok"

19. Hit "Ok" again

20. You now have a new IP address

19. Asthma Overview

What is Asthma?

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lungs that often makes breathing difficult and causes attacks of coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest, and shortness of breath. Asthma symptoms occur when the lining of the air passages swell and the muscles surrounding the airways tighten. Mucus fills the airways, further reducing the amount of air that can pass through them and causing an asthma attack.

Types of Asthma
Asthma is sometimes referred to as bronchial asthma because it involves the narrowing of the bronchial airways. The distinction is often made between childhood asthma and adult-onset asthma, when symptoms don't appear until at least the age of 20. Other types of asthma include:

Allergic Asthma (Extrinsic Asthma)

Allergic asthma is triggered by allergens, such as pet dander, food preservatives, mold, or pollen. Allergic asthma is more likely to be seasonal because it often goes hand-in-hand with allergies that are also seasonal.

Non-Allergic Asthma (Intrinsic Asthma)

This type of asthma is triggered by irritants in the air that are not related to allergies – including wood or cigarette smoke, air pollution, room deodorants, household cleaning products, and perfumes.

Cough-Variant Asthma (CVA)

Cough-variant asthma does not have the classic symptoms of asthma – such as wheezing and shortness of breath. Instead, CVA is characterized by one symptom, a persistent dry cough. Cough-variant asthma can lead to full-blown asthma that shows other asthma symptoms.

Exercise-Induced Asthma (EIA)

Exercise-induced asthma affects people during or after physical activity. EIA can occur in people who are not sensitive to classic asthma triggers such as dust, pollen, or pet dander.

Nocturnal Asthma

This type of asthma is characterized by asthma symptoms that worsen at night. Those who suffer from nocturnal asthma can also experience symptoms anytime of the day. However, certain triggers – such as heartburn, pet dander, and dust mites – can cause those symptoms to worsen at night while sleeping.

Occupational Asthma

Occupational asthma is induced by triggers that exist in a person's workplace. Irritants and allergens include dusts, dyes, gases, fumes, animal proteins, and rubber latex that are common in a wide range of industries—including manufacturing, textiles, farming, and woodworking.

18. Biology General knowledge

Biology General knowledge questions

****************************

1. Which disease is known as Christmas disease ?

Answer: Haemophilia (also known as Bleeder's disease and Royal disease )

2. The seat of memory in the human brain is located in the_____ ?

Answer: Cerebrum

3. Which hormone is known as Emergency Hormone ?

Answer: Adrenalin

4. Total number of bones in human body ?

Answer: 206

5. Total number of Muscles in human body ?

Answer: 639

6. What is the Enzyme present in Saliva ?

Answer: Ptyalin

7. Covering of brain is called as __________ ?

Answer: Meninges

8. Covering of Lungs is called as __________ ?

Answer: Pleura

9. Covering of Heart is called as __________ ?

Answer: Pericardium

10. What is the full form of CAT in CAT scan (CT scan) ?

Answer: Computer Axial Tomograph

11. Who prepared the first Cholera vaccine ?

Answer: Louis Pasteur

12. Who discovered Rabies vaccine ?

Answer: Louis Pasteur

13. Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of ________ ?

Answer: arteries

17. Fonders of top most companies

like it !

       Apple - Founder Steve Jobs was a Hacker, a Pirate.

Apple logo history

        Microsoft - Founder Bill Gates was a Hacker, a Pirate.

Windows logo history

Facebook - Founder Mark Zuckerburg was a Hacker, a Explorer.

Faceboook logo history

Google - Founders Larry Page, and Sergey Brin were algorithm Developer, yet Hacker.

Google logo history

Napster - Founder Sean Parker and Shawn Fanning was a Hacker, a Free minded Revolutionist.

Napster logo

16. Interesting Facts about Human Body

Interesting Facts about Human Body

1) Eyes: You Blink about 20000 times a day.

2) Hair: Hair grows about .5 mm (.02 in) a day.

3) Mouth: You will produce 37,800 l of saliva in your life.

4) Cells: There are 50 trillion cells in your body and 3

billion of them die every minute.

5) Nerves: Your body has about 13000000000000 nerve calls,

transmitting message at speed of 290 km/hr.

6) Brain power: You lose 100000 brain cells every day! The main thing is that you have 100 billion altogether. If surface area of your brain could be ironed out it would measure 2090 sq.cm.

7) Heart beats: Your heart pumps 13640 L of blood around your body in a day. An average heartbeat rate per minutes of our body

is 70 beats and this will adds more than 100000 beats a day.

8) Urine : You will pass 400 to 2000 ml of urine every day,

depending on your age, your size and outside conditions,

especially temperature.

9) Chemicals: There is enough carbon in your body to fill 900

pencils, enough Fat to make 75 candles, enough phosphorous

to make 220 match heads and enough iron to make a 7.5 cm nail.

10) Can you overdose on vitamins? Overdosing on some vitamins can have serious side effects.

Vitamin A: Doses of more than 3752 mg can lead to liver damage,

hair losses and headaches.

Vitamin B6: Doses of more than 400mg can cause numbness in the mouth.

Vitamin C: Stomach ache can be caused due to high doses of Vitamin C.

Vitamin D: Daily doses of 600 mg can interfere with the functioningof muscles.

Niacin: Doses of upto 2000 mg are prescribe to

help lower cholesterol but this could cause

jaundice and liver damage.

11) Tea Or Coffee? The two main constituents of tea are “caffeine and tannin”.

A tea bag contains about 40 mg of caffeine and brewed tea about 30mg. Tea also contains useful fluorides, volatile oils and Vitamin B.

“Caffeine” is the main constituent of coffee. A cup of brewed

coffee contains about 80 mg of caffeine and instant coffee

about 60 mg. Medical studies show that heavy caffeine use

(more than 500 mg/day) may cause harmful physiological effects.

A cup of tea or coffee (without sugar and milk)contains about 16KJ of energy.

12) Fingers: Our fingers are so sensitive that they can detect a vibration with a movement of 0.02 cm. Our “finger nails” grow at the rate of about 0.05 mm in a week and hair about 3 mm in a week.

15. TRUE STORY -ORKUT

Social network Orkut founder - Orkut Buyukkokten

A boy lost his love in a train accident.... 

But her name nowhere listed in the dead list. This boy grew up and became IT technical architect in his late 20's, achievement in itself. He hired developers from the whole globe and plan to make a software where he could search for his LOVE through the web. 

His planned plan works... 

and he found her, after losing millions of dollars and 3 long years!! 

then he think to shut down the search operation, when the CEO of Google had a word with this guy n took over this application, This Software made a whopping 1$ billion profit in its first year, which we today know as ORKUT . 

The guy's name is ORKUT BUYUKKOTEN. He is expected to the richest person by 2009. 

Some other Cool Facts abt this guy: 

* He gets $12 from Google when every person registers to this website. 

* He also gets $10 when you add somebody as a friend. 

* He gets $8 when your friend's friend adds you as a friend and gets $6  if anybody adds you as friend in the resulting chain. 

* He gets $5 when you scrap somebody and $4 when somebody scraps you. 

* He also gets $200 for each photograph you upload on Orkut. 

* He gets $2.5 when you add your friend in the crush-list or in the hot-list. 

* He gets $2 when you become somebody's fan. 

* He gets $1.5 when somebody else becomes your fan. 

* He even gets $1 every time you logout of Orkut. 

* He gets $0.5 every time you just change your profile-photograph. 

* He also gets $0.5 every time you read your friend's scrap-book and $0.5 everytime you view ur friend's friend-list.

14. Top 60 Biotechnology companies in the world which include Indian Biocon

Today I will show you  list of biotechnology companies World Wide. There are several MNC's, pharma company, biotech company opened their branches World Wide. Future of biotechnologist has been always very bright, but it is very important to graduate from a good institute, have good experience, good lab handling practice, good communication skill. There are several new institutes offer even a PhD. In biotechnology, microbiology, genetic engineering, environment, dairy technology, Bioinformatics etc.. Students should carefully talk to existing students of the college, check placement history, facilities and qualifications of professors before opting one.

Note:-

To go to the official website of particular company click on company name mentioned below and to know their contact detail, click on company city mention under the company name..

As per example to go to the Amgen company website, click on Amgen and to know about contact detail click on USA...

1. Amgen                                                                                 USA
2. Genentech                                                                            USA
3. Genzyme                                                                              USA
4. UCB                                                                                Belgium
5. Gilead Sciences                                                                    USA
6. Serono                                                                       Switzerland
7. Biogen Idec                                                                          USA
8. CSL                                                                                              
9. Cephalon                                                                              USA
10. MedImmune                                                                         USA
11. Celgene                                                                     Swiezerland
12. Abraxis BioScience
13. Actelion
14. ImClone Systems
15. Amylin Pharmaceuticals                                                      USA
16. Millennium Pharmaceuticals                                                USA
17. PDL BioPharma                                                                   USA
18. OSI Pharmaceuticals
19. MGI                                                                                      USA
20. Pharmion USA
21. Nektar                                                                                   US 
22. Vertex Pharmaceuticals                                            Switzerland
23. Biocon                                                                                 India
24. Cubist                                                                                   USA
25. Enzon Pharmaceuticals                                                        USA
26. QLT                                                                                  Canada
27. ViroPharma                                                                          USA
28. Alkermes                                                                              USA
29. Crucell                                                                                  USA
30. United Therapeutics USA
31. LifeCell USA
32. Ligand Pharmaceuticals USA
33. Myriad Genetics USA
34. Exelixis USA
35. Cangene Canada
36. InterMune USA
37. Nabi Biopharmaceuticals USA
38. BioMarin Pharmaceutical USA
39. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals USA
40. Progenics Pharmaceuticals USA
41. Innogenetics Belgium
42. Idenix Pharmaceuticals USA
43. MorphoSys Germany
44. Omrix Biopharmaceuticals USA
45. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals USA
46. Acambis UK
47. Tanox USA
48. ViaCell USA
49. Indevus Pharmaceuticals USA
50. Medarex USA
51. NPS Pharmaceuticals USA
52. Monogram Biosciences USA
53. Oscient Pharmaceuticals USA
54. Array BioPharma USA
55. AEterna Zentaris Canada
56. IsoTis Switzerland
57. Enzo Biochem USA
58. CuraGen USA
59. Neurocrine Biosciences, USA
60. MediGene Germany
61. Novo Nordisk
62. Amgen
63. Gilead
64. Celgene
65. Teva
66. Merck KGaA
67. CSL
68. Regeneron
69. Alexion
70. Shire
71. UCB
72. BioMarin
73. Elan
74. Onyx
75. Dr. Reddy
76. Seattle Genetics
77. Alkerms
78. Ariad
79. Unither
80. Ipsen
81. Isis

Please add more noticeable companies (including locations and website) if I have missed any.